POLICY OPTIONS FOR SURGICAL MENTORING: LESSONS FROM ZAMBIA BASED ON STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SYSTEMS SCIENCE.

Policy options for surgical mentoring: Lessons from Zambia based on stakeholder consultation and systems science.

BackgroundSupervision by surgical specialists is beneficial because they can impart skills to district hospital-level surgical teams.The SURG-Africa project in Zambia comprises a mentoring trial in selected districts, involving two provincial-level mentoring teams.The aim of this paper is to explore policy options for embedding such surgical mentor

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Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress

Sperm is particularly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) during critical phases of spermiogenesis.However, the level of seminal ROS is restricted by seminal antioxidants which have beneficial effects on sperm parameters and developmental potentials.Mitochondria and sperm plasma membrane are two major sites of ROS generation in sperm cells

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